Ichi chikamu chechitatu chezvikamu zvitatu zvakatevedzana nezvekuvakazve kwaDerek Pratt kweJohn Harrison's Longitude Mubairo-akahwina H4 (yekutanga pasirese chaiyo marine chronometer).Chinyorwa ichi chakatanga kuburitswa muThe Horological Journal (HJ) muna Kubvumbi 2015, uye tinovatenda nekupa mvumo yekutsikisa paQuill & Pad.
Kuti udzidze zvakawanda pamusoro paDerek Pratt, ona hupenyu uye nguva dzeakazvimiririra anogadzira wachi Derek Pratt, Derek Pratt kuvaka patsva John Harrison H4, nyika Iyo yekutanga chaiyo marine astronomical wachi (chikamu 1 che3), uye John Harrison's H4 ye tireyi yedhaimani yakavakwazve naDerek Pratt, nyika yekutanga kunyatsojeka marine chronometer (chikamu chechipiri, Kune zvikamu zvitatu zvakazara).
Mushure mekugadzira tireyi yedhaimondi, tinoenderera mberi kuti titarise wachi, kunyangwe pasina remontoir, uye matombo ese asati apera.
Ivhiri hombe rechiyero (50.90 mm muhupamhi) rakagadzirwa neakaomeswa, ane hasha uye akakwenenzverwa chiridzwa.Gumbo rinosungirirwa pakati pemahwendefa maviri ekuomesa, izvo zvinobatsira kuderedza deformation.
Derek Pratt's H4 balance vhiri vhiri rakaomeswa ndiro inoratidza chiyero pane imwe nguva inotevera, nevashandi uye chuck panzvimbo.
The balance lever is nhete 21.41 mm mandrel ane chiuno denderedzwa yakaderedzwa kusvika 0.4 mm yekuisa tireyi uye balance chuck.Vashandi vanobatidza lathe yemugadziri wewachi vopedza vachichinjana.Iyo chuck yendarira inoshandiswa pallet inogadziriswa kune mushandi nepini yakapatsanurwa, uye iyo pallet inopinzwa mugomba rakaita D mune chuck.
Aya maburi anogadzirwa pandiro yendarira achishandisa EDM yedu (electric discharge machine).Iyo electrode yemhangura zvinoenderana neyakachinjika-chikamu chimiro chepallet inonyudzwa mukati mendarira, uye ipapo gomba uye yekunze contour yemushandi inogadziriswa pamushini weCNC milling.
Kupedzwa kwekupedzisira kwechuck kunoitwa nemaoko uchishandisa faira uye simbi polisher, uye gomba repini rakatsemuka rinogadzirwa uchishandisa Archimedes drill.Uku kusanganiswa kunonakidza kwepamusoro-tech uye yakaderera-tech mabasa!
Chitubu chekuenzanisa chine madenderedzwa matatu akazara uye muswe wakareba wakatwasuka.Chitubu chacho chakanyungudutswa, kuguma kwechitubu kwakawedzera, uye pakati pacho pakananga kune chuck.Anthony Randall akatipa imwe 0.8% kabhoni simbi, iyo yakadhonzwa muchikamu chakati sandara ndokuzokwenenzverwa kuita koni kusvika pakukura kweiyo H4 balance spring spring.Chitubu chakatetepa chinoiswa musimbi yekare yekuomesa.
Tine mafoto akanaka echitubu chepakutanga, izvo zvinotitendera kudhirowa chimiro uye CNC chigayo chekare.Nechitubu chipfupi chakadaro, vanhu vangatarisira kuti chiyero chichazununguka zvine chisimba kana mudonzvo wakamira wakatwasuka asi usingamanikidzwe nezvishongo zviri pabhiriji rekuenzanisa.Zvisinei, nokuti muswe wakareba uye bvudzi rinova mutete, kana vhiri rekuenzanisa uye bvudzi rakagadzirirwa kuti ridengenyeke, rinotsigirwa chete papivot yakaderera, uye matombo ari pamusoro akabviswa, shaft yekuenzanisa ichagadzikana zvinoshamisa.
Ivhiri rekuenzanisa uye bvudzi rebvudzi rine nzvimbo yakakura yekubatanidza kukanganisa, sezvinotarisirwa kune pfupi pfupi yebvudzi, asi mhedzisiro iyi inoderedzwa nehupamhi hwetapered uye muswe wakareba webvudzi.
Rega wachi imhanye, ichityairwa zvakananga kubva pachitima, uye nhanho inotevera ndeyekugadzira uye kuisa remontoir.Axis yedenderedzwa rechina inonakidza-nzira nhatu mharadzano.Panguva ino, kune matatu coaxial mavhiri: rechina vhiri, counter vhiri uye nechepakati masekonzi kutyaira vhiri.
Iyo yemukati yakachekwa yechitatu vhiri inotyaira vhiri rechina nenzira yakajairwa, iyo inozofambisa iyo remontoir system inosanganisira yekuvhara vhiri uye flywheel.Gyro vhiri rinofambiswa nechina spindle kuburikidza nechitubu che remontoir, uye gyro vhiri rinotyaira vhiri rekupukunyuka.
Pane yechina kutenderera yekubatanidza, mutyairi anopihwa kune remontoir, contrate vhiri uye yepakati yechipiri vhiri rekuvakazve kwaDerek Pratt's H4.
Pane mutete mutete mandrel pakatarisana newachi, ichipfuura nepaburi remandrel yevhiri rechina, uye chechipiri ruoko vhiri rekutyaira rakaiswa parutivi rwekudhiira kwewachi.
Chitubu cheRemontoir chinogadzirwa kubva kune mainspring yewachi.Yakareba 1.45 mm, 0.08 mm mukobvu, uye inosvika 160 mm kureba.Chitubu chinogadziriswa mumhangura yendarira yakasungirirwa pane yechina axle.Chitubu chinofanira kuiswa mukeji sechivharo chakashama, kwete pamadziro ebhodhoro sezvinowanzoita mubhodhoro rewachi.Kuti tiite izvi, takashandisa chimwe chinhu chakafanana nechakashandiswa kugadzira zvitubu zvekuenzanisa kuti tiise remontoir chitubu kune chimiro chaicho.
Iyo Remontoir kuburitswa inodzorwa nepivoting pawl, vhiri rekukiya uye flywheel inoshandiswa kudzora remontoir rewind kumhanya.Iyo pawl ine maoko mashanu akaiswa pane mandrel;Ruoko rumwe runobata chanza, uye chanza chinobata nepini yekuburitsa pane mandrel yakatarisana.Kana iyo yepamusoro ichitenderera, imwe yepini yayo inosimudza zvinyoro nyoro ichienda panzvimbo iyo imwe ruoko inoburitsa vhiri rekukiya.Vhimbo rekukiya rinokwanisa kutenderera zvakasununguka kune imwe kutendeuka kuti chitubu chidzoserwe kumashure.
Ruoko rwechitatu rune pivoting roller inotsigirwa pane cam yakasungirirwa paekisesi yekukiya.Izvi zvinoita kuti pawl uye pawl kure munzira yepini yekuburitsa kana kudzoka kumashure kukaitika, uye vhiri rekudzokera kumashure rinoramba richitenderera.Maoko maviri asara ari paruzevha ndeezviremera zvinodzikamisa pawl.
Zvese izvi zvikamu zvakatetepa uye zvinoda kungwarira kunyoreswa nekugadzirisa, asi zvinoshanda zvinogutsa.Shizha rinobhururuka rakakora 0.1 mm, asi rine nzvimbo yakakura;izvi zvakaratidza kuva tricky part nekuti mukuru wepacentral munhu ane weather.
Remontoir idhizaini yakangwara inonakidza nekuti inodzosera kumashure 7.5 masekondi, saka haufanirwe kumirira kwenguva yakareba!
Muna Kubvumbi 1891, James U. Poole akagadziridza H4 yekutanga uye akanyora mushumo unofadza nezvebasa rake reWatch Magazine.Paaitaura nezve mashandiro ewachi, akati: “Harrison ari kutsanangura chimiro chewachi.Ndaifanira kutsvanzvadzira munhevedzano yezviedzo zvinonetsa, uye kwemazuva akati kuti ndakanga ndichishuva kuti ndikwanise kuzvibatanidzazve.The remontoir train's Chiito chacho hachizivikanwi zvokuti kunyange ukachicherechedza nokungwarira, haugoni kuchinzwisisa nenzira yakarurama.Ndinokahadzika kana zvichinyatsobatsira.”
Munhu ane nhamo!Ini ndinoda kutendeka kwake kwakasununguka mukurwira, pamwe isu tese takave nekuvhiringidzika kwakafanana pabhenji!
Nguva yekufamba kweawa nemaminiti ndeyechinyakare, inotyairwa negiya hombe rakaiswa pakati pepakati, asi chepakati masekonzi ruoko runotakurwa nevhiri riri pakati pegiya hombe nevhiri reawa.Iwo epakati masekonzi vhiri rinotenderera pagiya hombe uye rinofambiswa nerimwe vhiri rekuverenga rakaiswa pane dial kumagumo kweiyo spindle.
Derek Pratt's H4 H4 kufamba kunoratidza kutyaira kwegiya hombe, vhiri reminiti uye yepakati yechipiri vhiri.
Iyo yakadzika yepakati yechipiri ruoko mutyairi yakadzika sezvinobvira kuve nechokwadi kuti ruoko rwechipiri haruna "jitter" kana rwuri kumhanya, asi runodawo kumhanya zvakasununguka.PaH4 yepakutanga, dhayamita yevhiri rekutyaira i 0.11 mm yakakura kudarika iyo yevhiri rinofambiswa, kunyange zvazvo nhamba yemazino yakafanana.Zvinoratidzika kuti kudzika kunoitwa nemaune zvakanyanya, uye ipapo gumbo rinofambiswa "pamusoro" kuti ripe dhigirii inodiwa yekusununguka.Isu takatevera maitiro akafanana kuti tibvumire kumhanya kwemahara nekubvumidzwa kushoma.
Shandisa chishandiso chepamusoro kuti uwane diki backlash paunenge uchityaira ruoko rwepakati masekondi ruoko rweDerek Pratt H4
Derek apedza maoko matatu, asi vanoda kumwe kuronga.Daniela akashanda pamaoko eawa nemaminiti, akakwenenzverwa, ndokuomesa nekudzikamisa, uye pakupedzisira akaiswa bhuruu mumunyu weblue.Ruoko rwepakati masekonzi rwakakwenenzverwa pachinzvimbo chebhuruu.
Harrison pakutanga akaronga kushandisa rack uye pinion adjuster muH4, iyo yaive yakajairika mumawachi ekumucheto enguva iyoyo, uye sezvakaratidzwa mune imwe yemifananidzo yakaitwa apo Komiti yeLongitude yakaongorora wachi.Anofanira kunge akasiya rack nekukurumidza, kunyangwe akange aishandisa mumawachi eJeffery uye akashandisa bimetallic compensator kekutanga muH3.
Derek aida kuedza urongwa uhwu uye akaita rack uye pinion uye akatanga kugadzira nzira dzekubhadhara.
Iyo yekutanga H4 ichine pinion yekuisa iyo inogadzirisa ndiro, asi inoshaya rack.Sezvo H4 parizvino isina rack, zvinosarudzwa kuita kopi.Kunyangwe rack uye pinion zviri nyore kugadzirisa, Harrison anofanira kunge akawana zviri nyore kufamba uye kukanganisa kumhanya.Wachi ikozvino inogona kukuvadzwa zvakasununguka uye yakanyatso kuisirwa iyo balance spring stud.Nzira yekusimudza ye stud inogona kugadziriswa mune chero nzira;izvi zvinobatsira kuisa pakati pechirimo kuitira kuti bhara rekuenzanisa rimire rakati twasa kana wakazorora.
Iyo tembiricha-yakabhadharwa curb ine ndarira nesimbi mbariro dzakabatanidzwa pamwe negumi nemashanu rivets.Pini yekumisikidza iri kumagumo emupendero wetsiva inotenderedza chitubu.Sezvo tembiricha ichikwira, mupendero unokotama kupfupisa hurefu hunobudirira hwechirimo.
Harrison akanga achitarisira kushandisa chimiro chekuseri kwetireyi kuti agadzirise kukanganisa kwe-isochronous, asi akaona kuti izvi zvakanga zvisina kukwana, uye akawedzera chaakadana kuti "cycloid" pini.Izvi zvinogadziriswa kuti zvibatane nemuswe wechitubu chechiyero uye kukurumidza kudengenyeka neamplitude yakasarudzwa.
Panguva ino, ndiro yepamusoro inopihwa kuna Charles Scarr kuti anyore.Derek akanga akumbira kuti zita rezita rinyorwe sepakutanga, asi zita rake rakanga rakanyorwa pamucheto weskateboard pedyo nechisiginecha chaHarrison uye pabhiriji rechitatu.Chinyorwa chinoti: "Derek Pratt 2004-Chas Frodsham & Co AD2014."
Chinyorwa: "Derek Pratt 2004 - Chas Frodsham & Co 2014 ″, yakashandiswa pakuvakazve kwaDerek Pratt's H4
Mushure mokuunza chitubu chekuenzanisa pedyo nehukuru hwechitubu chepakutanga, nguva yewachi nekubvisa zvinhu kubva pasi pechiyero, zvichiita kuti chiyero chiwedzere zvishoma kubvumira izvi.Iyo Witschi watch timer inobatsira zvikuru mune izvi nekuti inogona kusetwa kuyera kuwanda kwewachi mushure mekugadzirisa kwega kwega.
Izvi zvishoma zvisingawanzoitiki, asi zvinopa nzira yekuenzanisa chiyero chakakura kudaro.Sezvo huremu hwaifamba zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pasi pevhiri rekuyeresa, frequency yaisvika ka18,000 paawa, uye ipapo timer yakaiswa ku18,000 uye kukanganisa kwewachi kwaigona kuverengwa.
Mufananidzo uri pamusoro apa unoratidza gwara rewachi painotangira kubva padiki amplitude yobva yadzikama nekukasira kune yayo amplitude yekushandisa pamwero wakatsiga.Iyo trace inoratidza zvakare kuti remontoir inodzosera kumashure ese 7.5 masekondi.Iyo wachi yakaedzwa zvakare pane yekare Greiner Chronographic watch timer ichishandisa mapepa.Muchina uyu une basa rekuseta zvishoma nezvishoma.Kana chikafu chepepa chichinonoka zvakapetwa kagumi, kukanganisa kunowedzerwa kagumi.Kurongeka uku kunoita kuti zvive nyore kuyedza wachi kweawa kana kupfuura pasina kunyura mukati mebepa!
Miedzo yenguva refu yakaratidza shanduko mukumhanya, uye yakaona kuti yepakati yechipiri dhiraivha yakakosha, nekuti inoda mafuta pagiya hombe, asi inoda kuve yakareruka mafuta, kuti isakonzeresa kupikisa uye kuderedza chiyero chekuenzanisa.Iyo yakaderera viscosity watch mafuta yatinogona kuwana ndeye Moebius D1, iyo ine viscosity ye32 centistokes pa20 ° C;izvi zvinoshanda zvakanaka.
Wachi haina avhareji yenguva yekugadzirisa sezvo yakazoiswa muH5, saka zviri nyore kuita zvigadziriso zvidiki kune cycloidal tsono kuitira kuti inyatso mhanyisa kumhanya.Iyo cycloidal pini yakaedzwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana, uye nekukurumidza kana kuti gare gare yaizobata chitubu panguva yekufema kwayo, uye pakanga painewo mapeji akasiyana pamapini ekumisa.
Iko kunoratidzika kunge kusiri nzvimbo yakanaka, asi yakaiswa uko chiyero chekuchinja neamplitude ishoma.Shanduko yechiyero neamplitude inoratidza kuti remontoir inofanirwa kutsvedzerera chiyero chekupuruzira.Kusiyana naJames Poole, isu tinofunga kuti remontoir inobatsira chaizvo!
Wachi iyi yanga yatotanga kushanda muna January 2014, asi pachiri kuda kugadziriswa.Simba rinowanikwa rekupukunyuka rinoenderana nezvitubu zvina zvakasiyana muwachi, izvo zvese zvinofanirwa kuenzana kune mumwe nemumwe: mainspring, chitubu chemagetsi, chitubu chemontoir, uye chitubu chekuenzanisa.Iyo mainspring inogona kusetwa sezvinodiwa, uye ipapo chitubu chekubata chinopa torque kana wachi yakuvadzwa chinofanirwa kunge chakakwana kuomesa zvakare chitubu che remontoir.
Iyo amplitude yevhiri rechiyero zvinoenderana nekugadzika kweiyo remontoir chitubu.Zvimwe zvinogadziriswa zvinodikanwa, kunyanya pakati pechitubu chekuchengetedza uye remontoir spring, kuitira kuti uwane kuenzana kwakarurama uye kuwana simba rakakwana mukupukunyuka.Kugadziriswa kwega kwega kwechitubu chekuchengetedza kunoreva kuparadzanisa wachi yose.
Muna Kukadzi 2014, wachi yakaenda kuGreenwich kunotorwa mifananidzo nekutorwa mifananidzo yeshoo ye“Explore Longitude-Ship Clock and Stars”.Vhidhiyo yokupedzisira yakaratidzwa mushoo yacho yakanyatsorondedzera wachi yacho uye yakaratidza chikamu chimwe nechimwe chaiunganidzwa.
Nguva yekuedzwa uye kugadziriswa kwakaitika wachi isati yaendeswa kuGreenwich munaJune 2014. Pakanga pasina nguva yekuedzwa kwekushisa kwakakodzera uye zvakaonekwa kuti wachi yakanga yakabhadharwa zvakanyanya, asi yakafambisa musangano pane tembiricha yakaenzana. .Payaishanda isina kukanganiswa kwemazuva 9, yaigara mukati mekuwedzera kana kubvisa masekonzi maviri pazuva.Kuti uhwine mubairo we£20,000, zvinoda kuchengetedza nguva mukati mekuwedzera kana kubvisa 2.8 seconds pazuva mukati merwendo rwemavhiki matanhatu kuenda kuWest Indies.
Kupedzisa Derek Pratt's H4 yagara iri chirongwa chinonakidza chine matambudziko mazhinji.KuFrodshams, tinogara tichipa Derek ongororo yepamusoro, ingave semugadziri wewachi kana semubatsiri anonakidza.Anogara achigovera ruzivo rwake nenguva yekubatsira vamwe.
Hunyanzvi hwaDerek hwakanakisa, uye zvisinei nematambudziko mazhinji, akaisa nguva yakawanda nesimba mukusimudzira chirongwa chake cheH4.Isu tinofunga kuti achagutsikana nemhedzisiro yekupedzisira uye anofara kuratidza wachi kune wese munhu.
Iyo wachi yakaratidzwa muGreenwich kubva muna Chikunguru 2014 kusvika Ndira 2015 iine ese mashanu ekutanga Harrison ekutanga nguva uye mamwe akawanda anonakidza mabasa.Chiratidziro chakatanga rwendo rwepasi rose neDerek's H4, kutanga kubva munaKurume kusvika Gunyana 2015 paFolger Shakespeare Library muWashington, DC;inoteverwa neMystic Seaport, Connecticut, kubva munaNovember 2015 kusvika Kubvumbi 2016;ipapo Kubva May 2016 kusvika October 2016, kuenda kuAustralia Maritime Museum muSydney.
Kupedzwa kweH4 yaDerek kwaive kuedza kwechikwata nemunhu wese muFrodshams.Takawanawo rubatsiro rwakakosha kubva kuna Anthony Randall, Jonathan Hird nevamwe vanhu vari muindasitiri yekuona vakabatsira Derek nesu mukupedza chirongwa ichi.Ndinodawo kutenda Martin Dorsch nerubatsiro rwake nekutora mifananidzo yezvinyorwa izvi.
Quill & Pad inodawo kutenda The Horological Journal nekutibvumira kuburitsazve zvinyorwa zvitatu munhevedzano iyi pano.Kana wakazvipotsa, ungadawo: Hupenyu uye nguva dzeakazvimiririra mugadziri wewachi Derek Pratt (Derek Pratt) Kuvakazve John Harrison (John Harrison) ) H4, yekutanga pasirese chaiyo marine chronometer (chikamu 1 che3) yaDerek Pratt. (Derek Pratt) kuvakazve John Harrison (John Harrison) kugadzira tireyi yedhaimani H4, yekutanga pasi rose A precision marine chronometer (chikamu 2 che3)
Ndine hurombo.Ndiri kutsvaga shamwari yangu yekuchikoro Martin Dorsch, mugadziri wewachi wekuGermany anobva kuRegensburg.Kana muchimuziva mungamuudze mashoko angu here?Ndatenda!Zheng Junyu