Mazano ekuziva:

Iyo yedunhu breaker chinhu chakakosha chekudzora uye chekudzivirira mumidziyo yemagetsi uye zviteshi.Haikwanise chete kugura uye kuvhara iyo isina-mutoro ikozvino

uye kurodha ikozvino yeyakakwira-voltage wedunhu, asi zvakare shandira pamwe nemudziviriro mudziyo uye otomatiki mudziyo kukurumidza kudzima kukanganisa kwazvino kana paine

yekutadza kwehurongwa, kuitira kuderedza chiyero chekutadza kwemagetsi, kudzivirira kuwedzera kwetsaona, uye kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakachengeteka kwehurongwa.Kubva pakutanga

1990s, oiri maseketi emagetsi masisitimu ari pamusoro pe35kV muChina akatsiviwa zvishoma nezvishoma neSF6 circuit breakers,.

1, Basic musimboti wedunhu breaker

Iyo yedunhu breaker ndeye mechaniki switch mudziyo mune substation inogona kuvhura, kuvhara, kutakura uye kutyora mutoro wazvino pasi peyakajairika mamiriro edunhu,

uye inogona zvakare kutakura uye kutyora chikanganiso chiripo pasi pemamiriro edunhu asina kujairika mukati menguva yakatarwa.Iyo arc-kudzimisa kamuri ndeimwe yeakanyanya

zvakakosha zvikamu zvedunhu rinotyora, izvo zvinogona kudzima arc inogadzirwa panguva yeku-off maitiro emagetsi emagetsi uye kuona kushanda kwakachengeteka.

yesimba remagetsi.Iyo arc-kudzimisa musimboti we-high-voltage AC wedunhu breaker inotemerwa neiyo insulation medium inoshandiswa.Insulation yakasiyana

midhiya ichatora akasiyana arc-kudzimisa nheyo.Iyo imwechete arc-kudzimisa nheyo inogona kuva nearc-kudzimisa zvimiro zvakasiyana.The arc-

kamuri yekudzimisa yeSF6 yedunhu inopwanya inonyanya kusanganisira marudzi maviri: compressed-air type uye self-energy type.Iyo compressed air arc inodzima

kamuri yakazadzwa ne0 YeSF6 gasi re45MPa (20 ℃ gauge pressure), panguva yekuvhura, iyo compressor chamber inoita hukama hwekufamba

iyo static piston, uye gasi mukamuri ye compressor yakamanikidzwa, ichigadzira mutsauko wekumanikidza negasi kunze kwecylinder.The high pressure

SF6 gasi inofuridza arc zvine simba kuburikidza nemuromo, ichimanikidza arc kudzima kana ikozvino yapfuura zero.Kamwe kuvhura kwapera, kumanikidzwa

kusiyana kuchakurumidza kupera, uye kudzvinyirirwa mukati nekunze kwe compressor kuchadzoka pakuenzanisa.Nekuti iyo static piston ine cheki

vharafu, mutsauko wekumanikidza kana uchivhara idiki kwazvo.Iyo yakakosha chimiro che-self-energy arc yekudzima kamuri inoumbwa nekusangana kukuru, static

arc kubata, nozzle, compressor chamber, dynamic arc contact, cylinder, thermal expansion room, one-way valve, anobatsira compressor chamber, pressure.

kuderedza vharafu uye kudzvinyirira kuderedza chitubu.Panguva yekuvhurwa kwekushanda, iyo inoshanda sisitimu inotyaira shaft yekufambisa uye ruoko rwayo rwemukati crank

murutsigiro, nokudaro kudhonza insulating tsvimbo, piston tsvimbo, compressor chamber, kufambisa arc contact, main kuonana uye nozzle kufamba pasi.Apo iyo

static yekubata chigunwe uye iyo huru yekubata yakaparadzaniswa, iyo yazvino ichiri kuyerera ichitevedza static arc yekubata uye inofambisa arc yekubata iyo isina kupatsanurwa.

Kana iyo inofamba uye static arc mabikirwo akaparadzaniswa, iyo arc inogadzirwa pakati pavo.Pamberi peiyo static arc yekubata yakaparadzaniswa kubva pahuro yehuro,

tembiricha yepamusoro inogadzirwa nearc combustion Iyo yakanyanya-kudzvanywa gasi inoyerera ichipinda mucompressor chamber uye inosanganiswa neinotonhora gasi irimo, nokudaro ichiwedzera.

kumanikidzwa mukamuri ye compressor.Mushure mekunge iyo static arc yekubata yapatsanurwa kubva pahuro yehuro, iyo yakakwira-kumanikidza gasi mukamuri ye compressor iri.

yakabudiswa kubva pahuro yehuro uye inofambiswa arc yekubata huro kumativi ese kudzima arc.Panguva yekuvhara kushanda, iyo inoshandiswa inoshandiswa

inofamba ichienda kwakanangana neiyo static yekubata neinofambisa yekubata, muromo uye piston, uye iyo static yekubata inopinzwa mune inofamba yekubata chigaro kugadzira.

iyo inofamba uye yakagadzikana inobatana ine yakanaka yemagetsi kubata, kuitira kuti uwane chinangwa chekuvhara, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo.

 
2, Kurongeka kwevanopwanya vedunhu

(1) Yakakamurwa kuita oiri redunhu breaker, compressed air circuit breaker, vacuum circuit breaker uye SF6 circuit breaker zvinoenderana nearc yekudzima svikiro;

Kunyangwe iyo arc-kudzimisa svikiro yega yega yedunhu inotyora, basa ravo rakafanana, kudzima arc inogadzirwa ne

circuit breaker panguva yekuvhura, kuitira kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakachengeteka kwemidziyo yemagetsi.

1) Oiri redunhu breaker: shandisa mafuta searc yekudzima svikiro.Apo arc inopisa mumafuta, mafuta anokurumidza kuora uye anoputika pasi pekushisa kwepamusoro

yearc, uye inoumba mabubbles akatenderedza arc, ayo anogona kunyatso kutonhorera arc, kuderedza arc gap conductivity, uye kukurudzira arc kudzima.Arc-

mudziyo wekudzima (chamber) wakaiswa muoiri wedunhu breaker kuita kuti kusangana pakati peoiri nearc kuvhare, uye bubble pressure inowedzerwa.Kana muromo

yekamuri yekudzima-arc inovhurwa, gasi, mafuta nemafuta mhute zvinoumba rwizi rwemhepo uye mvura inoyerera.Zvinoenderana neyakananga arc-kudzimisa mudziyo chimiro,

iyo arc inogona kupeperetswa perpendicular kune arc yakachinjika, inofambirana nearc kureba, kana kusanganiswa yakatwasuka uye yakachinjika, kushandisa yakasimba uye inoshanda.

arc ichivhuvhuta paarc, nekudaro ichimhanyisa maitiro ekuita deionization, kupfupisa nguva yekumisa, nekuvandudza kugona kwekutyora kwedunhu rinotyora.

2) Yakadzvanywa yemhepo yedunhu breaker: yayo arc yekudzima maitiro inopedzwa mune chaiyo nozzle.Iyo muromo inoshandiswa kugadzira yakakwirira-kumhanya kuyerera kwemhepo kuridza arc

kuitira kudzima arc.Kana muparadzi wedunhu atyora dunhu, iyo inomhanya-mhanya mhepo inoyerera inogadzirwa nemhepo yakamanikidzwa haingotore hukuru hwe

kupisa mukati mearc gap, nokudaro kuderedza kupisa kwearc gap uye kuvharidzira kukura kwekupisa kwekupisa, asiwo kunobvisa zvakananga nhamba huru.

yeyakanaka uye isina kunaka ion muarc gap, uye inozadza gap rekusangana nemhepo nyowani yakakwira, kuitira kuti simba repakati pepakati rigone kudzoserwa nekukurumidza.

Naizvozvo, zvichienzaniswa neoiri yedunhu breaker, iyo yakamanikidzwa mhepo yedunhu breaker ine simba rekupwanya kugona uye nekukurumidza chiito Nguva yekupwanya ipfupi, uye iyo

kutyora simba hakuzodzikisirwe mukuvharika otomatiki.

3) Vacuum circuit breaker: shandisa vacuum sekudzivirira uye arc yekudzima svikiro.Kana iyo yedunhu inotyora ikabviswa, iyo arc inopisa mumhepo yesimbi

inogadzirwa neiyo yekubata zvinhu yevacuum arc yekudzima kamuri, iyo inonzi vacuum arc kwenguva pfupi.Kana iyo vacuum arc yakagurwa, nekuti iyo

kudzvinyirirwa uye kusimba mukati nekunze kwekoramu yearc zvakasiyana zvakanyanya, mhute yesimbi uye zvimedu zvinochajiswa muarc column zvicharamba zvichipararira kunze.

Iyo yemukati yearc column iri muyero ine simba yekuenderera kwekunze kupararira kwezvimedu zvinochaja uye kuenderera kunoramba kuripo kwezvimedu zvitsva.

kubva ku electrode.Sezvo ikozvino inodzikira, kuwanda kwesimbi mhute uye kuwanda kwezvikamu zvinochaja zvinodzikira, uye pakupedzisira zvinonyangarika kana ikozvino yava pedyo.

kusvika zero, uye arc inobuda.Panguva ino, zvimedu zvakasara zvearc column zvinoramba zvichipararira kunze, uye dielectric insulation simba pakati pe

fractures inopora nokukurumidza.Chero bedzi iyo dielectric insulation simba ichidzoka nekukurumidza kupfuura voltage kudzoreredza kukwira kumhanya, iyo arc inodzima.

4) SF6 wedunhu breaker: SF6 gasi rinoshandiswa senge insulation uye arc yekudzima svikiro.SF6 gasi yakanakira arc yekudzima svikiro ine yakanaka thermochemistry uye

simba rakaipa magetsi.

A. The thermochemistry zvinoreva kuti SF6 gasi rine zvakanaka kupisa conduction maitiro.Nekuda kweiyo yakanyanya kupisa conductivity yeSF6 gasi uye tembiricha yepamusoro

gradient pamusoro peiyo arc core panguva yekupisa kwearc, kutonhora kwakakosha, saka dhayamita yearc idiki, inoita kuti arc.

kupera.Panguva imwecheteyo, SF6 ine simba rakasimba rekuparadzanisa mhedzisiro muarc uye kukwana kwekupisa kwekupisa.Kune nhamba huru ye monomer

S, F nemaion avo ari pakati pearc.Munguva yearc combustion process, iro simba rinopinzwa muarc gap remagetsi grid rakadzikira kupfuura iro redunhu.

breaker nemhepo nemafuta searc yekudzima svikiro.Naizvozvo, iyo yekubata zvinhu haina kupiswa uye iyo arc iri nyore kudzima.

B. Kusagadzikana kwakasimba kweSF6 gasi ndiko kuita kwakasimba kwemamorekuru egasi kana maatomu kugadzira maion asina kunaka.Maerekitironi anogadzirwa nearc ionization ane simba

adsorbed neSF6 gasi uye halogenated molecules uye maatomu anogadzirwa nekuora kwayo, saka kufamba kwezvimedu zvinochaja kunodzikiswa zvakanyanya, uye

nokuti maioni asina kunaka uye ayoni akanaka anoderedzwa nyore nyore kuva mamorekuru asina kwaakarerekera uye maatomu.Naizvozvo, kunyangarika kweiyo conductivity munzvimbo yepakati yakanyanya

nekukurumidza.Iyo conductivity yearc gap inoderera nekukurumidza, izvo zvinoita kuti arc idzime.

(2) Zvinoenderana nerudzi rwechimiro, inogona kukamurwa kuita porcelain pole circuit breaker uye tank redunhu breaker.

(3) Zvinoenderana nehunhu hwechishandiso chekushandisa, chakakamurwa kuita electromagnetic mashandiro emagetsi wedunhu breaker, hydraulic inoshanda mashini.

circuit breaker, pneumatic operating mechanism circuit breaker, chitubu chekushanda chedunhu redunhu uye chisingaperi magineti inoshanda

circuit breaker.

(4) Yakakamurwa kuva imwechete-break circuit breaker uye yakawanda-break circuit breaker maererano nehuwandu hwekuputsika;Iyo yakawanda-break circuit breaker yakakamurwa

kupinda wedunhu breaker ine yakaenzana capacitor uye redunhu breaker pasina yakaenzana capacitor.

3, Basic chimiro chedunhu breaker

Iyo yakakosha dhizaini yedunhu rinopaza rinonyanya kusanganisira hwaro, inoshanda sisitimu, transmission element, insulation support element, breaking element, nezvimwe.

Iyo yakakosha chimiro cheyakajairwa yedunhu breaker inoratidzwa mumufananidzo.

Disconnecting element: Icho chikamu chepakati chedunhu rinopwanya kubatanidza uye kubvisa dunhu.

Transmission element: kutumira oparesheni yekuraira uye kushanda kinetic simba kune inofamba yekubata.

Insulating rutsigiro chinhu: tsigira wedunhu breaker muviri, takura simba rekushanda uye akasiyana ekunze masimba echinhu chinopwanya, uye simbisa pasi.

insulation yechinhu chinoputika.

Operating mechanism: inoshandiswa kupa kuvhura nekuvhara simba rekushanda.

Nheyo: inoshandiswa kutsigira nekugadzirisa dunhu rinotyora.