Pane imwe nguva, Edison, semugadziri mukuru mumabhuku ezvinyorwa, agara ari muenzi wenguva dzose mukuumbwa kwepuraimari.

uye vadzidzi vekusekondari.Tesla, kune rumwe rutivi, aigara aine chiso chisina kujeka, uye chaingova kuchikoro chesekondari

akasangana nechikwata chakatumidzwa zita rake mukirasi yefizikisi.

Asi nekupararira kweInternet, Edison ave achiwedzera philistine, uye Tesla ave asinganzwisisike.

musayendisiti ari pamwe naEinstein mupfungwa dzevanhu vakawanda.Zvichemo zvavo zvatovawo nyaya mumigwagwa.

Nhasi tichatanga nehondo yemagetsi yakaitika pakati pevaviri ava.Hatingataure nezvebhizinesi kana zvevanhu

Mwoyo, asi taura chete nezve izvi zvakajairika uye zvinonakidza chokwadi kubva kune tekinoroji nheyo.

Sezvatinoziva tese, muhondo iripo pakati paTesla naEdison, Edison pachake akakurira Tesla, asi pakupedzisira.

zvakakundikana nehunyanzvi, uye kuchinjanisa ikozvino kwakava mhedziso yepamusoro pesimba remagetsi.Zvino vana vanoziva izvozvo

Simba reAC rinoshandiswa kumba, saka nei Edison akasarudza DC simba?Iyo AC magetsi emagetsi system yakamira sei

naTesla akarova DC?

Tisati tataura nezvenyaya idzi, tinofanira kutanga tajekesa kuti Tesla haasi iye muvambi wealternating ikozvino.Faraday

aiziva nzira yekugadzira alternating ikozvino paakadzidza chiitiko che electromagnetic induction muna 1831,

Tesla asati azvarwa.Panguva iyo Tesla aive achiri kuyaruka, maalternator makuru aive aripo.

Muchokwadi, zvakaitwa naTesla zvaive pedyo zvakanyanya naWatt, izvo zvaive zvekuvandudza alternator kuti iite yakakodzera kune yakakura-chiyero.

AC magetsi masisitimu.Ichi zvakare chimwe chezvikonzero zvakakonzera kukunda kweAC system muhondo iripo.Saizvozvowo,

Edison akanga asiri muvambi weazvino uye akananga majenereta, asi akaitawo basa rinokosha

kukwidziridzwa kwakananga ikozvino.

Naizvozvo, haisi yakanyanya kurwa pakati paTesla naEdison sezvo iri hondo pakati pemagetsi maviri emagetsi masisitimu uye bhizinesi.

mapoka ari shure kwavo.

PS: Ndiri mukutarisa ruzivo, ndakaona kuti vamwe vanhu vakati Raday yakagadzira alternator yekutanga pasirese -

thedisc jenareta.Kutaura zvazviri, kutaura uku hakuna kururama.Inogona kuonekwa kubva mumufananidzo we schematic iyo disc jenareta ndeye

DC jenareta.

Nei Edison akasarudza yakananga ikozvino

Iyo simba system inogona kungokamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: simba rekugadzira (jenareta) - kufambisa kwemagetsi (kugovera)

(transformers,mitsara, mashizha, nezvimwewo) - kushandiswa kwemagetsi (zvakasiyana-siyana zvemagetsi).

Munguva yaEdison (1980s), iyo DC magetsi sisitimu yaive neyakakura DC jenareta yekugadzira magetsi, uye hapana shanduko yaidiwa.

nokutikufambisa kwemagetsi, chero bedzi waya dzakagadzirwa.

Kana iri mutoro, panguva iyoyo munhu wese ainyanya kushandisa magetsi pamabasa maviri, kuvheneka uye kutyaira mota.Yemwenje incandescent

inoshandiswa kuvheneka,chero magetsi akagadzikana, hazvina basa kuti iDC kana AC.Kana ari mota, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvehunyanzvi,

AC mota hadzisati dzashandiswazvekutengesa, uye munhu wese ari kushandisa DC motors.Munharaunda iyi, iyo DC simba system inogona kuva

akati nzira mbiri.Uyezve, yakananga ikozvino ine mukana wekuti alternating ikozvino haigone kuenderana, uye yakanakira kuchengetedza,

chero paine bhatiri,inogona kuchengetwa.Kana iyo magetsi system ikatadza, inogona kukurumidza kushandura kubhatiri kuti iwane magetsi mukati

nyaya yechimbichimbi.Yedu inowanzoshandiswaUPS system ichokwadi bhatiri reDC, asi rinoshandurwa kuita simba reAC pakupera kwekubuda

kuburikidza nemagetsi emagetsi tekinoroji.Kunyange zvidyarwa zvemagetsiuye zviteshi zvinofanirwa kunge zvakashongedzerwa mabhatiri eDC kuti ive nechokwadi chesimba

kupihwa kwemidziyo yakakosha.

Saka, kuchinjana kwazvino kwakataridzika sei kareko?Zvinogona kunzi hapana anogona kurwa.Mature AC jenareta - haapo;

transformers kuti simba kutapurirana - yakaderera kunyatsoshanda (kusada uye leakage flux kunokonzerwa linear simbi musimboti chimiro yakakura);

kana vari vashandisi,kana maDC motors akabatana neAC simba, acharamba Anenge, anogona kungoonekwa sekushongedza.

Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndeye ruzivo rwemushandisi - kugadzikana kwemagetsi kwakashata zvikuru.Kwete chete haigoni kuchengetwa ikozvino

kufanana zvakanangaikozvino, asi iyo inotsinhanisa yazvino sisitimu yakashandisa yakatevedzana mitoro panguva iyoyo, uye kuwedzera kana kubvisa mutoro pamutsara kwaizoita.

kukonzera shanduko muvoltage yemutsetse wese.Hapana anoda kuti ma bulbs avo avheneke kana mwenje wepadhuze wakabatidzwa nekudzimwa.

Maitiro Alternating Current Akasimuka

Tekinoroji iri kusimukira, uye munguva pfupi, muna 1884, maHungary akagadzira yakakwira-yakavharika-yakadzika shanduri.Iron core ye

transformer iyiinoumba yakakwana magnetic circuit, iyo inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kushanda kweshanduro uye kudzivisa kurasikirwa kwesimba.

Zvakangofananachimiro se transformer yatinoshandisa nhasi.Nyaya dzekugadzikana dzinogadziriswawo sekutevedzana kwekupa system kuri

yakatsiviwa neparallel supply system.Nemikana iyi, Tesla akazosvika pachiitiko, uye akagadzira inoshanda alternator

iyo inogona kushandiswa nemhando itsva iyi yetransformer.Muchokwadi, panguva imwe chete naTesla, pakanga paine akawanda ezvakagadzirwa patent ane chekuita

kune alternators, asi Tesla aive nezvakawanda zvakanakira, uye aikosheswa naWestinghouse uye yakasimudzirwa pamwero mukuru.

Kana iri kudiwa kwemagetsi, kana pasina kudiwa, saka gadzira zvinodiwa.Iyo yapfuura AC simba system yaive imwe-chikamu AC,

uye Teslayakagadzira inoshanda yakawanda-chikamu AC asynchronous mota, iyo yakapa AC mukana wekuratidza matarenda ayo.

Kune akawanda mabhenefiti eakawanda-chikamu alternating ikozvino, senge yakapusa dhizaini uye yakaderera mutengo wematambo ekufambisa uye magetsi.

midziyo,uye inonyanya kukosha iri mumotokari.Multi-phase alternating current inoumbwa ne sinusoidal alternating current ne

imwe kona yechikamumusiyano.Sezvatinoziva tese, kuchinja ikozvino kunogona kuunza shanduko yemagineti.Shandura kuchinja.Kana iyo

kurongeka kunonzwisisika, iyo maginetimunda unotenderera pane imwe frequency.Kana ikashandiswa mumotokari, inogona kutyaira rotor kutenderera,

inova multi-phase AC mota.Iyo mota yakagadzirwa naTesla yakavakirwa pane iyi musimboti haitombodi kupa iyo magineti

iyo rotor, iyo inorerutsa zvakanyanya chimirouye mutengo wemotokari.Sezvineiwo, Musk's "Tesla" yemagetsi mota inoshandisawo AC asynchronous

mota, kusiyana nemota dzemagetsi dzemunyika yangu dzinonyanya kushandisasynchronous motors.

Patakasvika pano, takaona kuti simba reAC rave padivi neDC maererano nekugadzira magetsi, kutapurirana uye kushandisa,

saka yakakwira sei mudenga ikatora musika wese wemagetsi?

Chinokosha chiri mumutengo.Musiyano mukurasikirwa mukufambiswa kwezviviri zvakawedzera zvachose mukaha pakati

DC uye AC kutapurirana.

Kana iwe wakadzidza ruzivo rwemagetsi ekutanga, iwe unozoziva kuti mukure-kure kufambisa kwemagetsi, yakaderera voltage inotungamira

kurasikirwa kukuru.Kurasikirwa uku kunobva pakupisa kunogadzirwa nemutsara kuramba, izvo zvichawedzera mutengo wesimba remagetsi pasina.

Iyo inobuda voltage yeEdison's DC jenareta ndeye 110V.Yakadaro yakaderera voltage inoda chiteshi chemagetsi kuti iiswe pedyo nemushandisi wega wega.In

nzvimbo dzine mashandisirwo makuru emagetsi uye vashandisi vakaomeswa, iwo magetsi emagetsi anongori makiromita mashoma.Somuenzaniso, Edison

yakavaka yekutanga DC magetsi emagetsi sisitimu muBeijing muna 1882, iyo yaingokwanisa kupa simba kune vashandisi mukati me1.5km yakatenderedza gwenya remagetsi.

Tisingarevi mutengo wezvivakwa zvezvidyarwa zvemagetsi akawanda, tsime remagetsi emagetsi idambudziko rakakura.Panguva iyoyo,

kuitira kuchengetedza mari, zvaive zvakanaka kuvaka magetsi pedyo nenzizi, kuitira kuti vagone kugadzira magetsi kubva mumvura.Zvisinei,

kuitira kupa magetsi kunzvimbo dziri kure nemvura, simba rinopisa rinofanira kushandiswa kugadzira magetsi, uye mutengo

marasha ekupisa awedzerawo zvakanyanya.

Rimwe dambudziko rinokonzerwawo nekufambiswa kwemagetsi kure kure.Iyo yakareba mutsara, iyo yakakura kupikisa, kuwedzera kwemagetsi

kudonhedza pamutsetse, uye voltage yemushandisi kumagumo ekupedzisira inogona kunge yakaderera zvekuti haigone kushandiswa.Mhinduro chete ndeyekuwedzera

magetsi emagetsi emagetsi, asi zvichaita kuti magetsi evashandisi vari pedyo awedzere, uye chii chandinofanira kuita kana michina

yapiswa?

Iko hakuna dambudziko rakadaro nekuchinjanisa ikozvino.Chero bedzi transformer inoshandiswa kuwedzera voltage, simba rekufambisa kwemakumi e

makiromita hapana dambudziko.Yekutanga AC magetsi ekupa system muNorth America inogona kushandisa 4000V voltage kupa simba kune vashandisi 21km kure.

Gare gare, uchishandisa Westinghouse AC power system, zvakatokwanisika kuti Niagara Falls isimbise Fabro, makiromita makumi matatu kubva.

Zvinosuruvarisa, ikozvino yakananga haigone kukwidziridzwa nenzira iyi.Nekuti musimboti wakagamuchirwa neiyo AC boost ndeye electromagnetic induction,

zviri nyore, kuchinja kwezvino kune rumwe rutivi rwe transformer kunobudisa kuchinja magnetic field, uye kuchinja magnetic field

inogadzira shanduko induced voltage (electromotive force) kune rimwe divi.Chinokosha kuti transformer ishande ndeyekuti ikozvino inofanira

shanduko, izvo chaizvo izvo DC isina.

Mushure mekusangana neaya akatevedzana ehunyanzvi mamiriro, iyo AC magetsi ekupa system yakakunda zvachose simba reDC nemutengo waro wakaderera.

Kambani yemagetsi yeEdison's DC yakagadziridzwa zvakare kuita imwe kambani yemagetsi ine mukurumbira - General Electric yekuUnited States..